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روان شناسی و مشاوره::
دوره شیدایی (مانیا)
Demi was a 26-year-old single woman with a 4-year history of Bipolar Disorder I with only manic episodes.
During her manic episodes she was extremely angry.
[DSM-5]; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) states, "The vast majority of individu- als whose symptoms meet the criteria for a fully syndromal manic episode also experience major depressive episodes during the course of their lives" (p. 123).
During the period preceding the onset of the first manic episode, patients go through a prodromal phase marked by the presence of mood fluctuation, sleep distur- bance, and other symptoms such as irritability, anger, or functional impair- ment (Conus et al.
Manic episodes in adolescents may be associated with excessive anger as manifested in school truancy, anti- social behavior, school failure, substance use, and sexual acting out.
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